Loom for weaving pile fabrics.



Patented Nov. 26, ism.

A. E. HUDDEB. LOOM FOB WEAVING PILE FABRICS.

(Application filed Mar. 27, 1901.)

7 Sheds-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

m: uonms v N0.'687,626. Patented Nov. 26, l90l.

' A. E. HODDER'.

L00" FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS.

(Application filed Mar. 27, 1901.) (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

m: nomus warms cu, PHOTO-LIYHQ, wAsmNc'rom o, c,

PM No. 687,626. Patented Nov. 26, I90l.

- A. E. HODDER.

LOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS.

(Application filed Mar. 27, 1901.)

(,No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Patented Nov. 26, I90l. A. E. HODDER.

LOOM FOR WEAVINGPILE FABRICS.

(Application filed M61. 27, 1901.)

(No Model.)

7 Sheetv-Sheei 4.

THE NORRIS #27: co, PHDYO-LITHO wnsnma'rum o. c.

No. 687,626. Patented Nov. 26, I90I.

' A- E. HODDEB. LDOM FOR WEAVING FILE FABRICS.

(Applicationfiled Mar. 27, 190;.)

' 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

' (No Model.)

' Patented Novfl26, 190i. A, E. HODDER. LOOM FOB WEAVING FILE FABRICS.

(Applies-hon filed Mar. 27, 1901.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

No. 687,626. Patented Nov. 26, I90l.

' A. E. HUDDER.

LOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICS.

(Applicafion 7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

(No Model.)

. I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALBER 'EDWARD HoDDER, OF LONDON,ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR OF TIIREE- FOURTHS TO GEORGE MACKENZIE LESTER LESTER AND JOHN BINGLEY GARLAND LESTER, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

LOOM FO R WEAVING PI LE FABRICS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 687,626, dated November 26, 1901.

Application filed March 27, 1901. Serial No. 53,023. (No model) 2 0 qt whom it may concern.-

f Be it known that I, ALBERT EDWARD HoD- DER, a subject of the King of England, residing in London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms for Weaving Pile Fabrics, (for which I have made application for Letters Patent in Great Britain under No. 13,599, dated August 29, 1900,) of which the following is a specifica-. tion. i

This invention has for its object the manu-- facture of pile fabrics, and has particular reference to the manufacture of coir-yarn mats and machinery for producing the same.

An important point in a fabric woven according to this invention is that the pilethreads or thrums are woven separately into the material from a source of supply distinct from that of the threads which form the body of the fabric. To effect this separate weav-. ing in of the thrums, warps are fed in two sets to the heddles, each heddle carrying two warp-threads one above the other. These threads are received by suitable devices and are woven together, so that two woven fabrics, bases for the pile fabric, are simultaneously formed one above the other. The heddles are so operated that two sheds are simultaneously formed, one by the upper threads of the heddles, which form the upper base, and the other by the lower threads of the heddles, forming the lower base. Two shuttles simultaneously operated thread the wefts through the sheds. The heddles are then so operated that alternate warp-threads of one baseare made to cross alternate threads of the other, and when in this position pile-threads 0r thrums are passed between the two sets of crossed threads on that side of the line of intersection nearest the heddles. As the heddles return again to their normal positions the warps loop the thrums up and down, so that they are stretched in zigzag or undulating form around the warps, formingthe two bases, and

when the fabric is completed are divided, so

that a pile remains on each base.

A desirable construction for carrying out this invention as applied, say, to the manufacture of coir-yarn mats is shown in the accompanying drawings, of which- Figure 1 is a general perspective View, parts being broken away, of aloomembodying this invention. Figs. 2 and 2 are plan views of the two halves of the machine longitudinally divided. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detail view of the mechanism for driving the rollers which draw the woven material from the loom. Fig. 5 is a view of the thrum or pile-thread gripper detached. Fig. 6 is a detail showing the mechanism for cutting the pile. Fig. 7 is a section on the line 7 7 of Figs. 2 and 2, showerating-gear, other parts being omitted for the sake of clearness. Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 are views illustrating the cams for operating the heddles.

ing the heddles, the thrum-carrier, and its op- Like letters indicate like parts in all the l and loose pulleys B B for connection with a convenient source of power.

Carried on the shaft B between the uprights A A and rotatable on said shaft is a sleeve 0, onto which are keyed or otherwise fixeda series of cam-wheels 0, each having a cam-groove on one side. These cams are for the purpose of operating the heddles, as will be hereinafter described, and one cam-wheel is provided for each two heddles. These cams are rotated by the following means: On one end of the sleeve 0 is fixed a cog-wheel G which gears with a second cog-wheel 0 carried loosely on a pin 0 fixed on the upright A this latter wheel gearing with a wheel 0 fixed on one end of a short shaft 0 carried in bearings on the uprights A A Running looselyon the other end of the shaft 0 is a cog wheel C and a pinion C rigidly fixed together, the latter gearing with a wheel 0 fixed on a shaft 0 extending across the maver 0", pivotally carried on a bracket A on the upright A One end of the lever is operatively connected with the clutch, the other end having a pin or roller engaged in a peripheral cam-groove C formed on a Wheel fiized on the shaft 0 the groove being so shaped as to oscillate the lever and engage and disengage the shaft and pinion at stated intervals. The wheel 0 gears with a pinion B on the driving-shaft B.

The heddles, carried in guides, so as to be capable of vertical reciprocation, "extend across the machine between the uprights A A in front of their operative cams 0. Each heddle comprises a vertical bar D, with a nose D, two horizontal holes being provided through both bar and nose, one placed adjacent to the upper, the other to the lower, edge of the nose, or the holes may be formed merely through the bar, the latter being the construction shown in the drawings. One of the warpthreads forming the upper shed is carried through each top hole, and one of the warpthreads E, forming the lower shed, through each bottom hole. All the warp-threads are carried through the heddles, which are therefore equal in number to the warp-threads in either shed. The warp-threads are supplied from spools at the back of the apparatus in a usual manner-say through tension-rollers E The heddles are operatively connected with the cams C in the following manner: A series of levers D are provided, one corresponding to each cam 0. Each lever is pivotally connected at one end to lugs on a bar A the other end being furnished with a slot D in which is engaged a pin D one of which pins is fixed on each alternate heddle, each lever also being provided with a pin or roller D which engages in the cam-groove,- before referred to, of one of the cam-wheels O at or approximately about the highest part of the same. Each of the other heddles is connected by a link D to one end of one of a series of levers D each lever being pivoted to lugs on abar A and having a pin or roller D which engages the cam-groove of one of the cam-wheels G at approximately about the lowest part of the same.

For carrying out this invention it is necessary for the heddles to have the following sequence of movements: Starting withthe heddle-noses D in a horizontal line, each alternate heddle of the series is raised a slight distance above this normal position, while the rest of the heddles are lowered an equal distance. These movements take place prefer= ably simultaneously or approximately simultaneously. The heddles are then returned to normal position, but consecutively, the heddle on the left hand of the machine look ing atFig. 7 being first lowered, the one next it raised, and so in rapid succession until all the heddles are in line. The heddles then remain stationary to allow of the beater acting, as will be hereinafter explained. The raising and lowering is then repeated, but in the reverse order, the heddles which were raised at the preceding operation being now lowered, and vice versa. The heddles are then again consecutively returned to normal in the same order as before. This sequence of movements of the heddles is carried out during one complete revolution of the cam-wheels O by means of the cam-groove shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11. Looking at Fig. 8, it'is seen that there are four concentric curved grooves made continuous by sharp joining curves. Two of these grooves D of equallength and opposite to each other, are curves of equal radius. Of the other two curves one, D is of greater radius and the other, D, of less radius than the first two. The pins D D which, it will be remembered,operate adjacent heddles, are shown each in a groove D The heddles are therefore in the middle or normal position. As the cam revolves in the direction of the arrows, on the pin D passing onto the groove D it is plain the heddle will be lowered and on passing to the second groove D will be raised again to normal. At the same time the pin D has passed into the grooves D and D being raised and then returned to normal. Were the two pins at'oppo site ends of a diameter it is evident their movements would be synchronous; but it will be noticed that the pin D is slightly in advance of the pin D follow those of the latter, the consecutive movement of the two heddles operated by the same cam being thus provided for. In order to provide for the consecutive action of all the heddles, the grooves D of all the cams are proportionately shortened and the grooves D D lengthened in each succeeding cam.

Fig. 8 represents the cam which operates the heddles shown at the left hand of Fig. '7, the first to return to normal. In- Fig. 3 the center cam is shown, in which it is seen that the grooves are approximately equal in length, while Fig. 9 illustrates the cam op erating the last heddles to return to normal, the cam being shown in the position when the heddle-noses are separated. Figs. 10 and 11 show two other positions of the same cam, in Fig. 10 one heddle having returned to nor= mal and the other being on the point of so doing, while in Fig. 11 the heddles are shown in the normal position.

In order to hold the heddles stationary while the beater. acts, the peripheral cam-curve O hereinbefore described, is shaped so as to throw the clutch C out of engagement with the pinion C when the'last heddlehas reached normal position and to reengage it therewith when the beater has acted.

The thru ms or threads to form the pile are carried in a reciprocating carrier placed at one side of the machine in a line with the opening left betweenthe heddle-noses when these are in their raised and lowered position. The carrier consists of a long fiat bar F, the top of which forms a shallow recess F to carry one, two, or more threads, as desired, or the recess may be partly or entirely closed; A flat spring or other tension device may be Consequently its movements 4 employed to hold the thrums within the car Thelatter is carried so as to be caperier. ble of reciprocation in guides F formed in a bracket A fixed on the uprights A A. Its outer half is provided at the bottom with a rack F which gears with a pinion Fflthe latter engaging likewise with a second rack F fixed on the bracket A The pinion F is pivotally connected by a bar or bars F with one end of a rocking arm F, the other end of which is pivoted to lugs A on the upright A. The arm A is connected by a link F to one arm of a bell-crank lever F", the other arm of which is connected by a short link F with a slide F capable of vertical reciprocation in guides A, carried on the upright A. The slide is actuated by a rocking lever F Figs. 1 and 2, pivoted at A on the upright A and rocked by means of a cam-groove F formed in a disk F The disk is fixed on a revolving shaft G, extending across the backof the machine and carried in bearings on the uprights A A A The shaft is driven by a cog-wheel G,

which engages with the pinion B on the main driving-shaft'B,alread y referred to as forming part of the driving-gear of the cams O. The cam-groove F is so shaped as to reciprocate the slide F and therefore, by means of the racks F F pinion F4, and intermediate connections, the carrier F is operated every time the hed dles are raised and lowered,the amount of movement being such that the front end of the carrier is carried between the heddlenoses to just beyond the last heddle on the opposite side of the machine, where it comes in contact with a gripper. This gripper (shown detached in Fig. 5) consists of a jaw H, fixed on an upright K on the side of the beatercarriage. Pivoted onto the jaw H is a movable jaw H, with depending handle H provided with a spring H which tends to hold the jaws closed. Placed between the jaws is a pin H carried on the'end of a fiat spring H which when in position holds the jaws apart, as shown in Fig. 5, against the tension of the spring H The end of the thrum-carrier F is provided with a projecting member L, Fig. 2, which is adapted to engage the pin H when the carrier is in its extreme forward position. The thrums or pile-threads extend a short distance beyond the carrier. When, therefore, the latter is advanced, its member L pushes thepin H from between the gripper-jaws, which under the pull of the spring H close on the protruding thrums and hold the same during the return of the carrier. A roller H carried on an arm H fixed on the standard A is placed in the path of the depending jaw-handle H when the gripper is advanced by a forward movement of the beater-carriage and opens the jaws, when the thrums are released and the pin H resumes its position between the jaws,

holding them open until a further reciprocation of the carrier.

Fixed on the standard A is a knife-blade L placed-in front of the thrum-carrier and between the last heddle and the end of the carrier when the latter is in its back position. Placed behind the thrum-carrier and fixed on the beater-carriage is a second knife-blade L so arranged that on the forward movement of the carriage the thrums which have been placed between the heddles are caught between the blades and severed from the supply-threads in the carrier.

The mechanism for operating the shuttles and beater and for drawing the mats or other fabric from the machine may be of a known construction, there being no novelty in their operation.

The construction of beater preferred comprises a series of plates K, arranged on a slidin g carriage K The plates, one of which is adapted to slide between each two heddles, are of such a depth that whatever position the heddles may be in they do not pass above or below the plates. The carriage may be reciprocated by connecting-rods K and rocking arms K operated by cam-disks K on the shaft G, already referred to.

The two shuttles, one for the upper and one for the lower shed, are simultaneously operated. A well-known picker device is shown in the drawings, comprising a swinging arm L, carried on a vertical rod L. The foot of the rod has a tappet L and is seated on the end of one arm of a bell-crank lever L the other'arm of which is furnished with a roller held against the periphery of a cam-disk L mounted on the shaft 0 already described. The disk L is provided with a sudden projection, which, engaging the roller at each revolution of the shaft 0 operates the cranklever to raise the rod L and bring its tappet L in the path of the steep cam-curve L provided on theside of a disk L mounted on the main driving-shaft B.

A knife of a known construction is provided to divide the pile. A convenient form is shown detached in Fig. 6, in which two blades are employed, a stationary one, M, on which rests a second blade M, reciprocated horizontally by means of bevelgear driven by a pinion M carried on a short shaft M The pinion engages the cog-wheel C, constantly driven from the main shaft B through the gear-wheels B 0 G, as before described.

A usual arrangement of rollers is provided for drawing oi the manufactured fabric from the machine. These may be given the requisite intermittent action by means of a pawlandratchet device, such as is shown in Fig. 4,movement being given to the pawl by means of a pin L on the cam-disk L already referred to in describing the shuttle-operating mechanism, the pin engaging at each revolution of the disk one arm of a pivoted lever L the other arm of which is connected with the pawl-carrying arm L".

The cycle of operations effected by this ma chine is as follows: The warps fed through the guides at one end of the machine after passing through the perforations in the heddles are carried over the draw-off rollers at the 0pposite end of the machine.v When the alternate heddles are raised and lowered, the top threadsE of the heddles form one shed, while the bottom threads E of the heddles form a. second shed beneath the first. The two shuttles are then operated simultaneously, carrying a weftthrough each shed. The thrum-' carrier is advanced throughthe gap formed between the heddles,and the gripper seizes the thrum ends protruding therefrom. The car-, rier is drawn back, leaving the thrurns be-, tween'the noses of the heddles, which immediately alternately rise and fall to assume the normal position, looping the thrums over and ,underthe noses, and so over. alternate warps of one ,base and underalternate warps of the other. This arrangement of the thrums is clearly shown in Fig. 7, in which the heddles to, the left of the figure have already assumed normal position. When all the heddles are in line, the beater advances, carrying the thru ms 01f the noses'and driving them into place. As

the beater advances the knives L L divide the woven thru ms from the supply in the carrier. and. the freee'nds of the thrums are released from the gripper by the action of the roller H? on the jaw-handle H This series .of operations is again repeated, the heddles which before were raised being now depressed, and vice versa.

nate heddle of the series being raised when the adjacent one is lowered all the heddles being raised and lowered approximately simultaneously but returned to normal position consecutively. I

4; I11 a two-shed weaving machine and in combination a series of heddles, each carrying two warp-threads, one for the upper shed and one for the lower shed, and having a nose placed between said threads, all said heddles and theirnoses being normally inline, means to reciprocate said heddles to alternately raise and lower the nose of each heddle from the normal position, each alternate heddle of the series beingraised when the adjacent one is lowered, a pile-thread carrier placed at one side of the heddles,-a gripper placed at the other side, means to reciprocate the carrier between the noses of the heddles when in their raised and lowered position to and from the gripper, and means to cause the gripper to clutch the pile-thread carried by the carrier [when the latter is advanced andretain the same between the noses of the heddles while the carrier is withdrawn and the heddles returned to normal.

5. In a two-shed weaving machine and in combination a series of heddles, each carrying two warp-threads, one for the upper shed and one for the lower shed and having a nose Although the cam devices herein described: are What are preferred to give the desired sequence of movements to the heddles, it is evident that other mechanical devices might be employed without departing from the spirit I of this invention.

combination a series of heddles each heddle carrying a warp-thread of each shed, a pilethread carrier, means to vertically reciprocate the heddles and means to reciprocate the said'heddles and their noses being normally .in line, of means to actuate said heddles to alternately raise and lower the nose of each' .heddle from thenormal position, each'alterplaced between said threads, all said heddles and their noses being normally in line, means to reciprocate said heddles to alternately raise and lower the nose of each heddle from the normalposition, each alternate heddle of the series being raised when the adjacent one is lowered, a pile-thread carrier'placed at one side of the heddles, a gripper placed at the other'side, means to reciprocate the carrier between the noses of the heddles when in their raised and lowered position to and from the gripper, means to cause the gripper to clutch the pile-thread carried by the carrier when the latter is advanced and retain the same between the noses of the heddles while the carrier is withdrawn and'the heddles returned to normal, a cutter and means to operate the same to separate the portion of pile-thread engaged by the heddles from the portions held in the carrier.

6. In a two-shed weaving-machine and in combination a series of heddles, each carrying two warp-threads, one for the upper shed and one for the lower shed, and havinga nose placed between saidthreads, all said heddles and their noses being normally in line, means to reciprocate said heddles to alternately raise and lower the nose of each heddle from the normal position, each alternate heddle of the series being raised when the adjacent one is lowered, a pile-thread carrier placed. at one side of the heddles, a gripperplaced at the other side, means to reciprocate the carrier between the noses of the heddles when in their raised and lowered position to and from the gripper, means to cause the gripper to clutch the pile-thread carried by the carrier when the latter is advanced and retain the same between the noses of the heddles while the carrier is withdrawn and the heddles returned to normal, a cutter means to operate the same to separate the portion of pile-thread engaged by the heddles from the portion held in the carrier, two weft-shuttles, means to throw the same, one across each shed whenever the heddles are raised and lowered, a beater and means to reciprocate the same to remove the pile-threads 01f the heddle-noses and drive the said threads and the weft home substantially as specified.

7. In a weaving-machine of the kind described and in combination a beater-carriage, a gripping device consisting of a jaw fixed on the beater-carriage, a movable jaw pivoted on the fixed jaw, a spring tending to hold the jaws in contact and a spring-controlled pin engaged between the jaws to hold them open against the tension of the said spring; a pilethread carrier having a projecting member adapted to engage the gripper-pin and drive it from between the jaws to close the same, when the carrier is advanced toward the gripper, and a roller, placed in the path of the movable jaw when the beater-carriage advances to engage the same and open the jaws substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ALBERT EDWARD HODDER.

Witnesses:

G. F. WARREN, M. G. HODDER. 

